How many hinges does a cabinet door need?

Two hinges up to 30" tall, three to 48", four to 72". Where to put them, and why a heavy door needs another one before a tall one does.

A door up to 30" tall takes 2 hinges; over that, 3 to 48" and 4 to 72".

On a 30" door with a 3" setback, that is hinges at 3" and 27" from the top.

How that is worked out

  1. Two hinges hold a door; the third and fourth are there to stop it twisting and to share the load, not to stop it falling off.
  2. Set the outer pair in from each end by a fixed amount — 3" to 4" is usual, and matching it across a run of doors matters more than the exact figure, because the eye reads the line of hinges across a bank of cabinets.
  3. Any hinges beyond the outer pair get spaced evenly between them. That is all the layout is.

Hinges by door height, with a 3" setback

Hinges by door height, with a 3" setback
Door heightHingesPositions from the top
24"23", 21"
30"23", 27"
36"33", 18", 33"
42"33", 21", 39"
48"33", 24", 45"
60"43", 21", 39", 57"
72"43", 25", 47", 69"
84"53", 22 1/2", 42", 61 1/2", 81"
96"53", 25 1/2", 48", 70 1/2", 93"

Worth knowing

  • Weight counts for more than height. A 30" door in 3/4" MDF with a glass panel is heavier than a 40" door in 1/2" plywood, and it is weight that tears hinge screws out of a cabinet side. Add a hinge before you think you need one on anything heavy.
  • Concealed European hinges have their own published weight and height charts, and those beat any general rule — the maker knows what their hinge holds. Use this table for butt hinges and as a sanity check on theirs.
  • In frameless cabinets the hinge screws into the cabinet side, which in particleboard is the weakest part of the whole assembly. Use the right inserts or confirmats rather than a coarse screw into bare board.
  • The layout wants to be consistent across a run more than it wants to be theoretically optimal. Pick a setback and use it everywhere.